John Kleeman shared on
Questionmark's Blog the ten benefits of quizzes and tests in educational practice as proposed by psychology experts Henry
L. Roediger III, Adam L. Putnam and Megan A. Smith in a recent paper, “
Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice”.
Here is John's summary and understanding of the paper:
1. Retrieval aids later retention. There is clear evidence from
psychological experiments that practicing retrieval of something after
learning it, for instance by taking a quiz or test, makes you more
likely to retain it for the long term.
2. Testing identifies gaps in knowledge.
3. Testing causes students to learn more from the next study episode.
Essentially it reduces forgetting which makes the next related study
area more productive.
4. Testing produces better organization of knowledge by helping the
brain organize material in clusters to allow better retrieval.
5. Testing improves transfer of knowledge to new contexts. There are
several experiments referenced in the paper where tests and quizzes help
transfer and application of knowledge.
6. Testing can facilitate retrieval of material that was not tested.
Surprisingly there are circumstances where quizzes or tests,
particularly if delayed, can help people retrieve/retain information
that was related to that asked but not actually asked in the questions.
7. Testing improves metacognitive monitoring – by giving students
scores or self-assessments, they can better predict their knowledge and
be more confident about what they know and what they need to know.
8. Testing prevents interference from prior material when learning
new material. If you have a test after learning one set of material
before learning another set of material, it can make it less likely that
the second session will
9. Testing provides feedback to instructors and lets them know what is learned or what is not.
10. Frequent testing encourages students to study. Having frequent
quizzes and tests motivates study and reduces procrastination.
You can see their paper
“Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice” in Psychology of Learning and Motivation,
Vol 55. It’s also available for download on Professor Roediger’s publications page, in the list of papers from 2011, at
http://psych.wustl.edu/memory/publications/.